Association between serum bilirubin concentration and Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The antioxidant effects of bilirubin in Parkinson's disease (PD) have recently gained much attention from the research community. However, results from these studies have been conflicting. This meta-analysis is conducted to assess the relationship between the serum bilirubin concentration and the risk of PD.@*METHODS@#Two reviewers performed a systematic literature search across five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). The case-control studies regarding bilirubin levels in PD patients published up to April 2020 were included. These studies were subjected to rigorous scrutiny and data extraction to determine the standard mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), which were analyzed using the Stata V.12.0 statistical software.@*RESULTS@#A total of eight studies which included 1463 PD cases and 1490 controls were incorporated into our meta-analysis. SMD analysis showed that there was a higher total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) levels in PD patients compared with controls (for TBIL, SMD: 0.300, 95% CI: 0.050-0.549, P = 0.018; for DBIL, SMD: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.102-0.688, P = 0.008). However, no significant relationship was found between the serum indirect bilirubin and PD patients (SMD: -0.223, 95% CI: -0.952-0.505, P = 0.548). A subgroup analysis based on ethnicity indicated that the serum TBIL was higher in PD patients of Caucasian descent in contrast to matched healthy controls (SMD: 0.511, 95% CI: 0.324-0.698, P = 0.000, I2 = 58.0%).@*CONCLUSION@#Higher serum bilirubin levels in PD patients suggest that bilirubin might play a role in the pathogenesis of PD and have the potential to be utilized as a biochemical marker for PD diagnosis and treatment.

ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Parkinson's Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD), but results from genetic association studies to date are inconsistent. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to evaluate the association of the extensively studied VDR ApaI (G/T), BsmI (G/A), FokI (C/T), and TaqI (T/C) gene polymorphisms with risk of PD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Electronic search at PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu database, and Wanfang database was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) values was applied to evaluate the strength of the association.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of seven studies with 2034 PD cases and 2432 controls were included in the meta-analysis following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, no significant association between ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI gene polymorphisms and PD susceptibility in all four genetic models was found (T vs. G: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.89-1.12, P = 0.97; A vs. G: OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.77-1.15, P = 0.53; C vs. T: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.85-1.25, P = 0.77) while a significant association between FokI (C/T) and PD risk was observed (C vs. T: OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.14-1.75, P = 0.001; CC vs. TT: OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.52-3.93, P = 0.0002; CT vs. TT: OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.38-3.52, P = 0.0009, CC vs. CT+TT: OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.49-3.61, P = 0.0002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Polymorphisms of ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI may not be associated with the susceptibility to PD while the FokI (C/T) polymorphism is possibly associated with increased PD risk. However, conclusions should be cautiously interpreted due to the relatively small number of studies included.</p>

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with Parkinson disease / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was set to assess the association between VDR gene Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms and PD in a Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eighty five sporadic PD patients and 285 healthy controls were genotyped for the Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms in VDR gene using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was detected in genotype or allele distribution of both Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms between PD patients and controls (P U+003E 0.05). No TT genotype for Taq I was found in the studied population. For Taq I, the distribution of genotype was significantly different between male PD patients and controls (U+03C7 2=4.187, P=0.032, OR=2.149, 95%CI: 1.011-4.567), and the frequency of T allele was significantly higher in male PD patients than male controls (U+03C7 2=3.867, P=0.036, OR=2.064, 95%CI: 0.989-4.307).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VDR gene Apa I polymorphisms are not associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease, but Taq I may be a risk factor for male PD.</p>

Minocycline protects dopaminergic neurons in lipopolysaccharide.induced model of Parkinson' s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To further investigated the effect of minocycline on the inhibition of microglial activation and subsequent protection of nigral DA neuron.Methods 20 rats injected with LPS in the substantia nigra (SN) were randomly divided into two groups (LPS group and LPS+Minocycline group).The behavior was observed on the 7~(th) d and 14~(th) d.The immunohistoehemistry,in situ hybridization and Western-blot were used to detect the levels of positive neuron,mRNA,protein of TH and OX-42. Results The slightly rotational behavior was observed in LPS+Minoeyeline group.The majority of mieroglias were activated in the two groups.Some microglia in the SNpc remained ramified in LPS+ Minocycline group.The numbers of hypertophie microglia in LPS+Minoeyeline group were less than that in LPS group.Western-blot showed that the protein of OX-42 in two LPS groups was higher than in normal group(P